Adverbs

A word or phrase that modifies the meaning of an adjective, verb, or another adverb is called an adverb. Adverbs express manner, place, time or degree, for example gently, here, now, very.

adverbs ایسے الفاظ ہوتے ہیں جو کسی verb, adjective, clause یا کسی دوسرے adverb کے ساتھ استعمال ہو کر اس کے معنی میں اضافہ کرتے ہیں۔ adverbs مندرجہ ذیل اقسام کے ہوتے ہیں:

• adverbs of manner
• adverbs of place
• adverbs of time
• adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of manner

یہ adverbs ہمیں یہ بتاتے ہیں کہ کوئی کام کس طریقے سے ہوا، مثلاً:

She speaks loudly.

اس sentence میں loudly سے ہمیں یہ پتہ چلتا ہے کہ speaks کا فعل یا action کس طرح یا کس انداز سے واقع ہوا۔ ہم یوں بھی کہہ سکتے ہیں کہ loudly اس sentence میں speaks کو qualify کرتا ہے۔ مزید مثالیں مندرجہ ذیل ہیں:

He was driving slowly.
You replied correctly.
He runs fast.
They solved the problem easily.
Listen to me carefully.

Adverbs of place

یہ adverbs ہمیں یہ بتاتے ہیں کہ کوئی کام کس جگہ یا کہاں ہوا، مثلاً:

here, there, near, somewhere, outside, ahead, on the top, at some place

He will come here.
The children are playing outside.
He was standing near the wall.
They were flying kites on the top of hill.
He lives somewhere in New York.
She went upstairs.

Adverbs of time

یہ adverbs ہمیں یہ بتاتے ہیں کہ کوئی کام کس وقت ہوا، مثلاً:

now, then, soon, tomorrow, yesterday, today, tonight, again, early, afterwards, in June, last year, finally, before, eventually, already, soon, still, lastly

I will buy a computer tomorrow.
The guest came yesterday.
Do it now.
She is still waiting for her brother.
He got up early in the morning.

Adverbs of frequency

frequency کا مطلب ہے کوئی کام کتنی بار ہوتا ہے۔ اگر کوئی کام زیادہ بار ہوتا ہے تو ہم کہیں گے کہ وہ زیادہ frequent ہے اور اگر کوئی کام کم دفعہ ہوتا ہے تو ہم کہیں گے کہ یہ کم frequent ہے۔ کسی کام کے بار بار ہونے یا نہ ہونے کی تعداد کو ظاہر کرنے والے الفاظ adverbs of frequency کہلاتے ہیں۔ ان کی مندرجہ ذیل اقسام ہیں:

(i) وہ adverbs جن میں frequency معین ہوتی ہے۔ انہیں adverb of definite frequency کہتے ہیں مثلاً:

daily, weekly, every year, annually, never

(ii) وہ adverbs جن میں frequency معین نہیں ہوتی، انہیں adverbs of indefinite frequency کہتے ہیں، مثلاً:

always, often, seldom, rarely, usually, again, generally, frequently

Adverbs of degree

یہ ایسے adverbs ہیں جو ہمیں کسی adjective یا verb کی شدت یا intensity کے بارے میں بتاتے ہیں، مثلاً:

Adverb of degree	Modifying	Example
extremely	adjective	The water was extremely cold.
quite	adjective	The movie is quite interesting.
just	verb	He was just leaving.
almost	verb	She has almost finished her homework.
very	adverb	She was running very fast.
too	adverb	You are walking too slowly.
enough	adverb	You are running fast enough.

Exercise

Underline the adverbs and identify their type.

1. My grandpa snored loudly.
2. Chloe played on the beach yesterday.
3. George, will you come here?
4. My sheepdog sat lazily in the pool.
5. Neil stopped suddenly and listened.
6. Nathan stamped his feet angrily.
7. Yesterday, they played a game.
8. The truck grumbled loudly.
9. We will go to the concert soon.
10. Jen waited patiently for the computer to load.
11. Kayla finally arrived at the park.
12. The astronaut easily fixed the problem.
13. I usually hug my mother when I get home.
14. My dog always barks.
15. Peter neatly wrote a shopping list.

Answers:

Sentence	Adverbs	Adverb type
1	loudly	adverb of manner
2	yesterday	adverb of time
3	here	adverb of place
4	lazily	adverb of manner
5	suddenly	adverb of time
6	angrily	adverb of manner
7	yesterday	adverb of time
8	loudly	adverb of manner
9	soon	adverb of time
10	patiently	adverb of manner
11	finally	adverb of time
12	easily	adverb of manner
13	usually	adverb of frequency
14	always	adverb of frequency
15	neatly	adverb of manner